SMD integrated circuits combine elements such as diodes, capacitors, inductors, and resistors on a small semiconductor and are known as Integrated circuits (ICs).
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SOIC (Small Outline IC): Common for simpler ICs, gull-wing leads.
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QFP (Quad Flat Package): ICs with leads on all four sides.
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BGA (Ball Grid Array): High-pin-count chips with solder balls underneath. Requires precise SMD assembly.
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QFN (Quad Flat No-leads): Similar to BGA but with flat contacts around the edge.